Situational crime prevention of organized crime The situational crime prevention approach is also considered in Module 13. Rather than focusing on distant causes of crime (e.g., poverty, poor education, peer groups), the focus is shifted to practical ways to reduce the opportunities for crime or to minimize their harm (Bullock, Clarke and Tilley, 2010 Eckblom, 2003).
This approach is based on the principle of routine activities, or, in other words, on the assumption that levels of organized crime are determined by several facilitating factors, such as: availability of attractive targets and opportunities, a low level of supervision, and low risk of apprehension. By focusing on the circumstances of crime, this perspective examines the availability of opportunities to commit specific crimes and aims at reducing them through, for instance, improved urban renewal and environmental design. One type of classical approach focuses on "routine activities" or "situational crime prevention." This perspective concentrates on "criminal settings" (i.e., environments conducive to organized crime activity) rather than on the motivations of individuals or groups of people. This explanation fails to explain why crime persists even in those countries where governments add new laws, increase penalties, and make efforts to improve law enforcement.
The way to prevent crime, according to classicism, is by deterrence-the risk of apprehension and punishment (Beccaria, 1764 Roshier, 1989 Valasik, 2014).Īpplying classicism to criminal conduct, when the potential pain associated with crime (the likelihood of apprehension) is greater in the mind of the offender than the pleasure (gain) to be derived from the crime, the crime is prevented. Classicists believe that people are hedonistic and will seek pleasure at every opportunity and avoid pain. This choice is made by applying the pain-pleasure principle: people act in ways that maximize pleasure and minimize pain.
The classical view in criminology explains crime as a free-will decision to make a criminal choice.
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